Stroke is no longer just a "disease of the elderly." In Malaysia and across the globe, stroke has climbed to become the third leading cause of death and the number one cause of long-term disability. Perhaps most alarming is the rapid rise in cases among young adults aged 30 to 40.

Why Every Minute Counts: The Science of Brain Aging

When a stroke occurs, blood flow to the brain is interrupted. Whether it is an Ischemic Stroke (blood clot blockage, accounting for 80% of cases) or a Hemorrhagic Stroke (ruptured blood vessel), brain cells begin to die rapidly.

Research shows that during a stroke, the brain loses approximately 1.9 million neurons every minute. In fact, for every hour treatment is delayed, the brain ages by roughly 3.6 years. This is why neurologists emphasize the "Golden 4.5 Hours". Administering Thrombolysis (clot-busting medication) within this window is the most effective way to dissolve the blockage and reverse potential damage.

For more severe blockages, advanced Thrombectomy (minimally invasive surgery to "pull out" the clot) can sometimes extend the treatment window to 6 or even 24 hours, but earlier is always better.

Identify Stroke Instantly: The B.F.A.S.T. Acronym

Recognizing the signs of a stroke can save a life. Use the B.F.A.S.T. guide to assess symptoms:

• B (Balance): Sudden loss of balance, dizziness, or trouble walking.

• E (Eyes): Sudden blurred vision, double vision, or loss of sight in one eye.

• F (Face): Facial drooping or an uneven smile.

• A (Arms): Sudden weakness or numbness in one arm or leg, usually on one side.

• S (Speech): Slurred speech, difficulty speaking, or confusion.

• T (Time): Time to call the ambulance immediately. Do not wait for symptoms to pass or go to a small clinic; head straight to a hospital equipped for stroke emergencies.

Warning: Never use "finger-pricking" or "bloodletting" as a first-aid measure. Dr. Teh warns that this can cause blood pressure to spike, dangerously worsening a hemorrhagic stroke.

Prevention: 80% of Strokes are Avoidable

The fear of "becoming a burden to the family" is the most common concern among patients. Fortunately, 80% of strokes are preventable by managing the "Silent Killers":

1. High Blood Pressure

2. Diabetes

3. High Cholesterol

4. Atrial Fibrillation (Irregular Heartbeat)

Lifestyle adjustments, regular screenings, and using tools like the Stroke Riskometer App can help you monitor your risk levels effectively.

Recovery and the Golden Period

If a stroke occurs, the first 1 to 3 months are the most critical for rehabilitation. A combination of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational Therapy is essential to help patients regain independence and rewire the brain’s neural pathways.

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